Placebos and standardising new surgical techniques

New surgical techniques and surgical site infections.

Technologic advances in surgery include a trend toward less invasive procedures, driven by potential benefits to patients and by health-care economics. These less invasive procedures provide infection control personnel opportunities for direct involvement in outcomes measurement.

Methods for standardising and monitoring surgical interventions in RCTs

Introduction Multi-centre randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in surgery are challenging. It is particularly difficult to establish standards of surgery and monitor whether interventions are delivered as intended. This can lead to uncertainties about the differences between trial group interventions and the meaning of observed treatment effects. This study developed and tested methods for inter...

Standardising Europe: The Bologna Process and new modes of governing

Placebos and Medical Education

THE PLACEBO CHALLENGE Placebos are ubiquitous, counterintuitive, topical, and germane to medical science (1). Current scientific understanding about placebos, however, is sparse, fraught with debates and even explicit confusion (2-4). Whether one subscribes to placebo phobia or placebo mania (5), the domain of placebos draws on definitions, concepts, and paradigms that often baffle not just the...

modern surgical techniques in treatment of patients with cleft lip & cleft palate

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